What is the Indian Constitution? Key Features, Structure & Importance
Published on: Lawiz Team
Learn about the Indian Constitution, its structure, key features, importance, and frequently asked questions. Understand the backbone of Indian democracy.
Official Legal Text
The Constitution of India is the supreme law of India. It lays down the framework defining fundamental political principles, establishes the structure, procedures, powers and duties of government institutions, and sets out fundamental rights, directive principles, and the duties of citizens.
What This Article Means – Explained in Simple Words
The Indian Constitution is the legal foundation of the country that defines how India is governed and protects the rights of its citizens.
Purpose
To provide a legal framework for governance and to safeguard democracy, justice, equality, and liberty.
Key Features
1. Federal structure with a strong centre 2. Fundamental Rights and Duties 3. Directive Principles of State Policy 4. Independent Judiciary 5. Secularism and Sovereignty
Structure of the Constitution
The Constitution contains a Preamble, 25 Parts, 12 Schedules, and 470+ Articles. It is one of the lengthiest written constitutions in the world.
Importance of the Constitution
It is the supreme law of India and ensures rule of law, protects rights, and maintains the separation of powers between government organs.
Preamble of the Constitution
"We, the people of India..." — declares India as Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, Democratic Republic and aims to secure Justice, Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity.
Amendments and Flexibility
The Indian Constitution is both rigid and flexible. It can be amended by Parliament through special procedures (e.g., 42nd, 44th, 73rd amendments).
Illustrative Example
The Right to Education under Article 21A is a constitutional right added by the 86th Amendment Act.
FAQs
What is the Indian Constitution?
The Indian Constitution is the supreme law of India that defines the structure, powers, and duties of government institutions and guarantees rights to its citizens.
Who drafted the Indian Constitution?
The Constitution was drafted by the Constituent Assembly of India, with Dr. B. R. Ambedkar serving as the Chairman of the Drafting Committee.
When did the Indian Constitution come into effect?
The Indian Constitution came into effect on 26th January 1950. This day is celebrated annually as Republic Day.
How is the Indian Constitution structured?
The Constitution consists of a Preamble, 25 Parts, 12 Schedules, and more than 470 Articles. It is one of the lengthiest written constitutions in the world.
What are the key features of the Indian Constitution?
The Constitution is federal in nature with a unitary bias. It guarantees fundamental rights, ensures separation of powers, includes directive principles, and maintains an independent judiciary.
What does the Preamble of the Constitution declare?
The Preamble declares India to be a Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, Democratic Republic, and promises justice, liberty, equality, and fraternity to all citizens.
Can the Indian Constitution be amended?
Yes, it can be amended by the Parliament. Some amendments require a simple majority, while others need a special majority and ratification by states.
Why is the Constitution important?
The Constitution ensures rule of law, protects the rights of citizens, distributes powers among government organs, and provides a legal framework for governance.
What is the role of the judiciary in upholding the Constitution?
The judiciary, especially the Supreme Court, acts as the guardian of the Constitution and ensures that laws and actions of the government are constitutional.