Indian Evidence Act, 1872 (IEA) Sections

Section 1 – Shorttitle,extentandCommencement

Section 2 – Repealofenactments

Section 3 – Interpretationclause

Section 4 – PresumptionandProof

Section 5 – Evidencemaybegivenoffactsinissueandrelevantfacts

Section 6 – Relevancyoffactsformingpartofsametransaction

Section 7 – Factswhicharetheoccasion,causeoreffectoffactsinissue

Section 8 – Motive,preparationandpreviousorsubsequentconduct

Section 9 – Factsnecessarytoexplainorintroducerelevantfacts

Section 10 – Thingssaidordonebyconspiratorinreferencetocommondesign

Section 11 – Whenfactsnototherwiserelevantbecomerelevant

Section 12 – Insuitsfordamages,factstendingtoenableCourttodetermineamountarerelevant

Section 13 – Factsrelevantwhenrightorcustomisinquestion

Section 14 – Factsshowingexistenceofstateofmind,orofbodyorbodilyfeeling

Section 15 – Factsbearingonquestionwhetheractwasaccidentalorintentional

Section 16 – Existenceofcourseofbusinesswhenrelevant

Section 17 – Admissiondefined

Section 18 – Admissionbypartytoproceedingorhisagentbysuitorinrepresentativecharacter

Section 19 – Admissionsbypersonswhosepositionmustbeprovedasagainstpartytosuit

Section 20 – Admissionsbypersonsexpresslyreferredtobypartytosuit

Section 21 – Proofofadmissionsagainstpersonsmakingthem,andbyorontheirbehalf

Section 22 – Whenoraladmissionsastocontentsofdocumentsarerelevant

Section 22a – Whenoraladmissionastocontentsofelectronicrecordsarerelevant

Section 23 – Admissionsincivilcases,whenrelevant

Section 24 – Confessioncausedbyinducement, threatorpromise,whenirrelevantincriminalproceeding

Section 25 – Confessiontopoliceofficernottobeproved

Section 26 – Confessionbyaccusedwhileincustodyofpolicenottobeprovedagainsthim

Section 27 – Howmuchofinformationreceivedfromaccusedmaybeproved

Section 28 – Confessionmadeafterremovalofimpressioncausedbyinducement, threatorpromiserelevant

Section 29 – Confessionotherwiserelevantnottobecomeirrelevantbecauseofpromiseofsecrecy,etc

Section 30 – Considerationofprovedconfessionaffectingpersonmakingitandothersjointlyundertrialforsameoffence

Section 31 – Admissionsnotconclusiveproof,butmayestop

Section 32 – Casesinwhichstatementofrelevantfactbypersonwhoisdeadorcannotbefound,etc.,isrelevant

Section 33 – Relevancyofcertainevidenceforproving,insubsequentproceeding, thetruthoffactsthereinstated

Section 34 – Entriesinbooksofaccountincludingthosemaintainedinanelectronicformwhenrelevant

Section 35 – Relevancyofentryinpublicrecordoranelectronicrecordmadeinperformanceofduty

Section 36 – Relevancyofstatementsinmaps,chartsandplans

Section 37 – Relevancyofstatementastofacttopublicnature,containedincertainActsornotifications

Section 38 – Relevancyofstatementsastoanylawcontainedinlaw-books

Section 39 – Whatevidencetobegivenwhenstatementformspartofaconversation,document,electronicrecord,bookorseriesoflettersorpapers

Section 40 – Previousjudgmentsrelevanttobarasecondsuitortrial

Section 41 – Relevancyofcertainjudgmentsinprobate,etc.,jurisdiction

Section 42 – Relevancyandeffectofjudgments,ordersordecrees,otherthanthosementionedinsection41

Section 43 – Judgments,etc.,otherthanthosementionedinsections40to42,whenrelevant

Section 44 – Fraudorcollusioninobtainingjudgment,orincompetencyofCourt,maybeproved

Section 45 – Opinionsofexperts

Section 46 – Factsbearinguponopinionsofexperts

Section 47 – Opinionastohandwriting,whenrelevant

Section 47a – Opinionastodigitalsignaturewhenrelevant

Section 48 – Opinionastoexistenceofrightorcustom,whenrelevant

Section 49 – Opinionastousages, tenets,etc.,whenrelevant

Section 50 – Opinionorrelationship,whenrelevant

Section 51 – Groundsofopinion,whenrelevant

Section 52 – Incivilcasescharactertoproveconductimputed,irrelevant

Section 53 – Incriminalcases,previousgoodcharacterrelevant

Section 53a – Evidenceofcharacterorprevioussexualexperiencenotrelevantincertaincases.

Section 54 – Previousbadcharacternotrelevant,exceptinreply

Section 55 – Characterasaffectingdamages

Section 56 – Factjudiciallynoticeableneednotbeproved

Section 57 – FactsofwhichCourtmusttakejudicialnotice

Section 58 – Factsadmittedneednotbeproved

Section 59 – Proofoffactsbyoralevidence

Section 60 – Oralevidencemustbedirect

Section 61 – Proofofcontentsofdocuments

Section 62 – Primaryevidence

Section 63 – Secondaryevidence

Section 64 – Proofofdocumentsbyprimaryevidence

Section 65 – Casesinwhichsecondaryevidencerelatingtodocumentsmaybegiven

Section 65a – Specialprovisionsastoevidencerelatingtoelectronicrecord

Section 65b – Admissibilityofelectronicrecords

Section 66 – Rulesastonoticetoproduce

Section 67 – Proofofsignatureandhandwritingofpersonallegedtohavesignedorwrittendocumentproduced

Section 67a – Proofastodigitalsignature

Section 68 – Proofofexecutionofdocumentrequiredbylawtobeattested

Section 69 – Proofwherenoattestingwitnessfound

Section 70 – Admissionofexecutionbypartytoattesteddocument

Section 71 – Proofwhenattestingwitnessdeniestheexecution

Section 72 – Proofofdocumentnotrequiredbylawtobeattested

Section 73 – Comparisonofsignature,writingorsealwithothersadmittedorproved

Section 73a – Proofastoverificationofdigitalsignature

Section 74 – Publicdocuments

Section 75 – Privatedocuments

Section 76 – Certifiedcopiesofpublicdocuments

Section 77 – Proofofdocumentsbyproductionofcertifiedcopies

Section 78 – Proofofotherofficialdocuments

Section 79 – Presumptionastogenuinenessofcertifiedcopies

Section 80 – Presumptionastodocumentsproducedasrecordofevidence

Section 81 – PresumptionastoGazettes,newspapers,privateActsofParliamentandotherdocuments

Section 81a – PresumptionastoGazettesinelectronicforms

Section 82 – PresumptionastodocumentadmissibleinEnglandwithoutproofofsealorsignature

Section 83 – PresumptionastomapsorplansmadebyauthorityofGovernment

Section 84 – Presumptionastocollectionsoflawsandreportsofdecisions

Section 85 – Presumptionastopower-of-attorney

Section 85a – Presumptionastoelectronicagreements

Section 87 – Presumptionastobooks,mapsandcharts

Section 88 – Presumptionastotelegraphicmessages

Section 88a – Presumptionastoelectronicmessages

Section 89 – Presumptionastodueexecution,etc.ofdocumentsnotproduced

Section 90 – Presumptionastodocumentsthirtyyearsold

Section 90a – Presumptionastoelectronicrecordsfiveyearsold

Section 91 – Evidenceoftermsofcontracts,grantsandotherdispositionsofpropertyreducedtoformofdocument

Section 92 – Exclusionofevidenceoforalagreement

Section 93 – Exclusionofevidencetoexplainoramendambiguousdocument

Section 94 – Exclusionofevidenceagainstapplicationofdocumenttoexistingfacts

Section 95 – Evidenceastodocumentunmeaninginreferencetoexistingfacts

Section 96 – Evidenceastoapplicationoflanguagewhichcanapplytooneonlyofseveralpersons

Section 97 – Evidenceastoapplicationoflanguagetooneoftwosetsoffacts, toneitherofwhichthewholecorrectlyapplies

Section 98 – Evidenceastomeaningofillegiblecharacters,etc

Section 99 – Whomaygiveevidenceofagreementvaryingtermofdocument

Section 100 – SavingofprovisionsofIndianSuccessionActrelatingtowills

Section 101 – Burdenofproof

Section 102 – Onwhomburdenofprooflies

Section 103 – Burdenofproofastoparticularfact

Section 104 – Burdenofprovingfacttobeprovedtomakeevidenceadmissible

Section 105 – Burdenofprovingthatcaseofaccusedcomeswithinexceptions

Section 106 – Burdenofprovingfactespeciallywithinknowledge

Section 107 – Burdenofprovingdeathofpersonknowntohavebeenalivewithinthirtyyears

Section 108 – Burdenofprovingthatpersonisalivewhohasnotbeenheardofforsevenyears

Section 109 – Burdenofproofastorelationshipinthecasesofpartners,landlordandtenant,principalandagent

Section 110 – Burdenofproofastoownership

Section 111 – Proofofgoodfaithintransactionswhereonepartyisinrelationofactiveconfidence

Section 111a – Presumptionastocertainoffences

Section 112 – Birthduringmarriage,conclusiveproofoflegitimacy

Section 113 – Proofofcessionofterritory

Section 113a – Presumptionastoabetmentofsuicidebyamarriedwoman

Section 113b – Presumptionastodowrydeath

Section 114 – Courtmaypresumeexistenceofcertainfacts

Section 114a – Presumptionastoabsenceofconsentincertainprosecutionsforrape.

Section 115 – Estoppel

Section 116 – Estoppeloftenant;andoflicenseeofpersoninpossession

Section 117 – Estoppelofacceptorofbillofexchange,baileeorlicensee

Section 118 – Whomaytestify

Section 119 – Witnessunabletocommunicateverbally.

Section 120 – Partiestocivilsuit,andtheirwivesorhusbands.Husbandorwifeofpersonundercriminaltrial

Section 121 – JudgesandMagistrates

Section 122 – Communicationsduringmarriage

Section 123 – EvidenceastoaffairsofState

Section 124 – Officialcommunications

Section 125 – Informationastocommissionofoffences

Section 126 – Professionalcommunications

Section 127 – Section126toapplytointerpreters,etc

Section 128 – Privilegenotwaivedbyvolunteeringevidence

Section 129 – Confidentialcommunicationswithlegaladvisers

Section 130 – Productionoftitle-deedsofwitnessnotaparty

Section 131 – Productionofdocumentsorelectronicrecordswhichanotherperson,havingpossession,couldrefusetoproduce

Section 132 – Witnessnotexcusedfromansweringongroundthatanswerwillcriminate

Section 133 – Accomplice

Section 134 – Numberofwitnesses

Section 135 – Orderofproductionandexaminationofwitnesses

Section 136 – Judgetodecideastoadmissibilityofevidence

Section 137 – Examination-in-chief

Section 138 – Orderofexaminations

Section 139 – Cross-examinationofpersoncalledtoproduceadocument

Section 140 – Witnessestocharacter

Section 141 – Leadingquestions

Section 142 – Whentheymustnotbeasked

Section 143 – Whentheymaybeasked

Section 144 – Evidenceastomattersinwriting

Section 145 – Cross-examinationastopreviousstatementsinwriting

Section 146 – Questionslawfulincross-examination

Section 147 – Whenwitnesstobecompelledtoanswer

Section 148 – Courttodecidewhenquestionshallbeaskedandwhenwitnesscompelledtoanswer

Section 149 – Questionnottobeaskedwithoutreasonablegrounds

Section 150 – ProcedureofCourtincaseofquestionbeingaskedwithoutreasonablegrounds

Section 151 – Indecentandscandalousquestions

Section 152 – Questionsintendedtoinsultorannoy

Section 153 – Exclusionofevidencetocontradictanswerstoquestionstestingveracity

Section 154 – Questionbypartytohisownwitness

Section 155 – Impeachingcreditofwitness

Section 156 – Questiontendingtocorroborateevidenceofrelevantfact,admissible

Section 157 – Formerstatementsofwitnessmaybeprovedtocorroboratelatertestimonyastosamefact

Section 158 – Whatmattersmaybeprovedinconnectionwithprovedstatementrelevantundersection32or33

Section 159 – Refreshingmemory

Section 160 – Testimonytofactsstatedindocumentmentionedinsection159

Section 161 – Rightofadversepartyastowritingusedtorefreshmemory

Section 162 – Productionofdocuments

Section 163 – Giving,asevidence,ofdocumentcalledforandproducedonnotice

Section 164 – Using,asevidence,ofdocumentproductionofwhichwasrefusedonnotice

Section 165 – Judge’spowertoputquestionsororderproduction

Section 166 – Powerofjuryorassessorstoputquestions

Section 167 – Nonewtrialforimproperadmissionorrejectionofevidence